Persian Chart: Post-Classical East Asia
Political:
Japan
· In 646 the Japanese emperor introduced reforms known as the Taika reforms to remodel the Japanese government on Chinese models.
· The Taika reforms sought to create an emperor with absolute power supported by a Chinese style bureaucracy and peasantry army.
· Elite families carved out private precincts in which an elite family ruled known as Bushi who controlled the area.
· Bushi eventually became powerful enough to over through the weak government, establishing Bakufu, to establish shoguns as the real rulers.
Korea
· Silia was the monarch of Korea, followed by the Korogo Dynasty who modeled themselves after the Tang Dynasty.
China
· The Tang dynasty followed in suit of all the chinese dynasty, being centralized and the first emperor being Emperor Taizong
· The Song Dynasty was split in two, the North and South Dynasties following the Tang Dynasty
· The North Dynasty was established by Zhao Kunangyin and lasted from 960 to 1127
· The South Dynasty was established by the son of the last emperor of the North Dynasty Zhao Gou and lasted from 1227 to 1279.
Japan
· In 646 the Japanese emperor introduced reforms known as the Taika reforms to remodel the Japanese government on Chinese models.
· The Taika reforms sought to create an emperor with absolute power supported by a Chinese style bureaucracy and peasantry army.
· Elite families carved out private precincts in which an elite family ruled known as Bushi who controlled the area.
· Bushi eventually became powerful enough to over through the weak government, establishing Bakufu, to establish shoguns as the real rulers.
Korea
· Silia was the monarch of Korea, followed by the Korogo Dynasty who modeled themselves after the Tang Dynasty.
China
· The Tang dynasty followed in suit of all the chinese dynasty, being centralized and the first emperor being Emperor Taizong
· The Song Dynasty was split in two, the North and South Dynasties following the Tang Dynasty
· The North Dynasty was established by Zhao Kunangyin and lasted from 960 to 1127
· The South Dynasty was established by the son of the last emperor of the North Dynasty Zhao Gou and lasted from 1227 to 1279.
Economic:
· The Silk Road was a series of roads connecting the Mediterranean to China and others later on where ideas, goods, inventions, religions, and communication were interchanged.
· The tribute missions to China from Korea allowed for access to Chinese art, learning, and manufactured goods.
· The Tang Dynasty exported a lot of commodities, including foodstuffs, salt, tea, medicine, textiles, gold or silver ware, and other daily items.
· Most of Koreas imports were for the elites and to support all the imports Korea exported raw materials.
· The Silk Road was a series of roads connecting the Mediterranean to China and others later on where ideas, goods, inventions, religions, and communication were interchanged.
· The tribute missions to China from Korea allowed for access to Chinese art, learning, and manufactured goods.
· The Tang Dynasty exported a lot of commodities, including foodstuffs, salt, tea, medicine, textiles, gold or silver ware, and other daily items.
· Most of Koreas imports were for the elites and to support all the imports Korea exported raw materials.
Religion:
· Chinese religions at the time were that of Confucian, Daoism and Buddhism, which threated to overthrow the other two at the time and brought great resentment of the scholars of the other two religions.
· Confucian teachings include the values of Li: ritual, property, etiquette, etc., Hsiao: love within the family, Yi: righteousness, Xin: honesty and trustworthiness, Jeni: the highest virtue, benevolence and humanness towards others, and lastly Chung: loyalty to the state. The three dimensions of the human are described as the self, community, and tradition.
· Dao is described as the way or path. Daoist extended it to mean the Way of Nature as a whole. Since humans are only a small part of nature, daoist argue that the only actions that make sense are those that are natural to the flow of nature. We-wui or non-action is the typical daoist doctrine meaning not to do anything but to not do what isn’t dao
· Buddhism spread from China through Korea into Japan.
· Bodhisattvas changed the focus of Buddhism to be a more deeply emotional religion, preaching to the common man about achieving nirvana through meditation and the celestial afterlife, forming monasteries as well.
· Chinese religions at the time were that of Confucian, Daoism and Buddhism, which threated to overthrow the other two at the time and brought great resentment of the scholars of the other two religions.
· Confucian teachings include the values of Li: ritual, property, etiquette, etc., Hsiao: love within the family, Yi: righteousness, Xin: honesty and trustworthiness, Jeni: the highest virtue, benevolence and humanness towards others, and lastly Chung: loyalty to the state. The three dimensions of the human are described as the self, community, and tradition.
· Dao is described as the way or path. Daoist extended it to mean the Way of Nature as a whole. Since humans are only a small part of nature, daoist argue that the only actions that make sense are those that are natural to the flow of nature. We-wui or non-action is the typical daoist doctrine meaning not to do anything but to not do what isn’t dao
· Buddhism spread from China through Korea into Japan.
· Bodhisattvas changed the focus of Buddhism to be a more deeply emotional religion, preaching to the common man about achieving nirvana through meditation and the celestial afterlife, forming monasteries as well.
Society:
· The culture during the Tang Dynasties was one of much exchange with the other civilizations, like the Arabic for example passing on items, gems, and even Islam. The song dynasty further built on the culture of the Tang Dynasties, taking strides in literature through poems, science with typography, and warfare.
· Japanese borrowed many social as well as political aspects from China, like their language and religion, but improved upon them to in turn improve their own traditions.
· The Korean elites immersed themselves in Chinese culture taking up pottery from the Chinese, but eventually creating their own, which could come to rival even that of their teachers.
· The culture during the Tang Dynasties was one of much exchange with the other civilizations, like the Arabic for example passing on items, gems, and even Islam. The song dynasty further built on the culture of the Tang Dynasties, taking strides in literature through poems, science with typography, and warfare.
· Japanese borrowed many social as well as political aspects from China, like their language and religion, but improved upon them to in turn improve their own traditions.
· The Korean elites immersed themselves in Chinese culture taking up pottery from the Chinese, but eventually creating their own, which could come to rival even that of their teachers.
Inventions, Intellectuals, and Innovations:
· In science Bi Sheng in Song China invented the world earliest typography.
· In the Tang Dynasty because of great progress in agriculture all areas of techniques, category, or industrial scale; the development of the handicraft industry surpassed all previous dynasties.
· Silk making became more refined and delicate, textile technology reached a new level, and gun power was first applied to military application.
· In science Bi Sheng in Song China invented the world earliest typography.
· In the Tang Dynasty because of great progress in agriculture all areas of techniques, category, or industrial scale; the development of the handicraft industry surpassed all previous dynasties.
· Silk making became more refined and delicate, textile technology reached a new level, and gun power was first applied to military application.
Iron ploughshare from the Tang Dynasty
Arts/Architecture:
· In Chinese Song literature, the “ci” poem was a new type of expression poem added to the other gems of Chinese literature.
· Tang Poems were the greatest cultural achievement during this time with many different poets and themes being the center of this peaking of poetry in Chinese history up to this point.
· In the arts North Song reached a new artistic level, with the famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival drawn during this time by Zhang Zeduan.
· In 710 the first permanent capital was set up in Nara, Japan and Heijo Palace was built.
· Temples first arrived in Japan during the 6th century taking Chinese influence. With the passage of time however, temples began to take Chinese style being more isolated and even including gardens in the compound.
· The Korean elites immersed themselves in Chinese culture taking up pottery from the Chinese, but eventually creating their own, which could come to rival even that of their teachers.
· In Chinese Song literature, the “ci” poem was a new type of expression poem added to the other gems of Chinese literature.
· Tang Poems were the greatest cultural achievement during this time with many different poets and themes being the center of this peaking of poetry in Chinese history up to this point.
· In the arts North Song reached a new artistic level, with the famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival drawn during this time by Zhang Zeduan.
· In 710 the first permanent capital was set up in Nara, Japan and Heijo Palace was built.
· Temples first arrived in Japan during the 6th century taking Chinese influence. With the passage of time however, temples began to take Chinese style being more isolated and even including gardens in the compound.
· The Korean elites immersed themselves in Chinese culture taking up pottery from the Chinese, but eventually creating their own, which could come to rival even that of their teachers.
Near Geographic:
· Some of the more important geographic features to china are the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts, Himalayan Mountains and the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers with the mountains protecting from invaders and the rivers giving necessary water.
· Japan is a shimaguni (island country) with the Japanese archipelago consisting of four main islands and thousands of smaller surrounding ones. It lies in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of East Asia.
· Korea is a peninsula surrounded all three sides by water and with modern day China and Russia at its northern borders.
· Some of the more important geographic features to china are the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts, Himalayan Mountains and the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers with the mountains protecting from invaders and the rivers giving necessary water.
· Japan is a shimaguni (island country) with the Japanese archipelago consisting of four main islands and thousands of smaller surrounding ones. It lies in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of East Asia.
· Korea is a peninsula surrounded all three sides by water and with modern day China and Russia at its northern borders.
Victor Hernandez Pd. 5
http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4396/1125407.cw/index.html
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/song/southern.htm
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/tang/economy.htm
https://ridgeaphistory.wikispaces.com/Eurasian+Silk+Roads+(+Classical+to+Post-Classical)
http://wkhurramapwhp6.wikispaces.com/Japan%2C+Korea+and+Vietnam
http://www.historyhaven.com/APWH/World%20Religions%20after%20Classical%20Age.htm
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2111.html
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/geography/japgeo.html
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/koreanpn.htm
http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wc_4/17/4396/1125407.cw/index.html
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/song/southern.htm
http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/tang/economy.htm
https://ridgeaphistory.wikispaces.com/Eurasian+Silk+Roads+(+Classical+to+Post-Classical)
http://wkhurramapwhp6.wikispaces.com/Japan%2C+Korea+and+Vietnam
http://www.historyhaven.com/APWH/World%20Religions%20after%20Classical%20Age.htm
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2111.html
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/geography/japgeo.html
http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/asia/koreanpn.htm